Shifting Dynamics in US-Saudi Relationship: A Comparative Analysis of the Trump & Biden Administrations (2017-2024)

Abstract

This research is based on the evolving dynamics between Saudi Arabia and the United States under Presidents Donald Trump and Joe Biden. The study presents a comparative assessment of their foreign relations, highlighting implications for bilateral and regional relations, security, and energy policy. Trump’s regime was transactional in its policy toward Saudi Arabia: it exported arms, invested in building economic ties, sought to contain Iran, and supported a strong alliance with the Kingdom. In contrast, the Biden administration sought to rebalance the relationship by expressing concern about human rights, speaking out against the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, and reconsidering US military aid to Saudi Arabia. Moreover, it identifies the issues and challenges that have shaped the changing US–Saudi relationship. This article also sheds light on how leadership changes in the United States can alter historical alliances and affect the political landscape of the Middle East. Despite these evolving dynamics, the US–Saudi relationship faces challenges due to Saudi Arabia’s burgeoning ties with China and Russia. The expansion of these relationships introduces a complex layer to the traditional alliance between the US and Saudi Arabia, potentially influencing the trajectory of their diplomatic, economic, and strategic engagements. As this study delves into these multifaceted dynamics, it aims to unravel the intricate interplay of political forces, economic initiatives, and evolving global partnerships that define the US–Saudi relationship during this transformative period.